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cause is the most sensitive

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spectroscope

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are

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so important for research

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they produce ugly pictures

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but

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they are the nuts and bolts of physical

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science

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they put the physics in astrophysics

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cos was conceived in the mid-1990s by dr

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jim green and his colleagues at the

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university of colorado primarily to

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study the cosmic web

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which is made up of the largest scale

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structures of matter in the entire

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if you want to know what something is

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made of how hot it is how dense it is

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how fast it's moving in space how fast

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it's rotating for example a spectrograph

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will give you all that information with

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cost we can acquire information like

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that

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farther out across the universe than

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spectroscopy is

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taking light from an object

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and breaking it up into

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the different colors that that light

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consists of

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each of the elements each of the

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chemical elements has

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characteristic wavelengths

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characteristic colors at which it emits

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light when you heat it up or absorbs

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light

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for example if i have a

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tube full of hydrogen between

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me and that light instead of seeing the

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normal spectrum of that light when i

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look at it with the spectrograph i'll

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see that spectrum but with some of the

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light taken away at the wavelengths

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where hydrogen has its characteristic

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absorptions

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and so by measuring that the depth of

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those notches and the velocities and the

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width of them and so on you can infer

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all kinds of things about the physical

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state of that cloud

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kos has taken a really key part of

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spectroscopic science and said how can

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we do that in the absolutely best most

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efficient way

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and that is

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to measure

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the properties of the material between

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the galaxies looking back into the

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universe

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as the galaxies form there's a lot of

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material that does not collapse into the

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galaxies and there's other

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material that is ejected from galaxies

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by supernova explosions and so on and so

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that intergalactic gas the so-called

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intergalactic medium

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carries a lot of information about the

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history of the universe

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when you couple that story

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sort of the global cosmic process of how

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you form the large scale structure of

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how material is distributed in the

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universe and what role that played in

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forming new galaxies and then you use

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wifi camera three to investigate

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how did the galaxies themselves change

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internally with time

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and over space you know looking back

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through the history of the universe all

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that kind of ties together into the full

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story

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it's going into the costar

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slot

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and so there is nothing whatsoever lost

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in doing that because costar is not

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needed anymore costar was put up in the

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first servicing mission and it was used

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to deploy correcting optics in front of

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some of the first generation instruments

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the the first generation spectrographs

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for example correcting optics to correct

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for the spherical aberration that had

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been inadvertently built into the hst

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primary mirror

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all the more recent instruments

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include that correction within the new

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instrument itself so right now costar

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doesn't have anything to do all the

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other instruments in the so-called axial

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bays of hst have their own internal

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correction and so the costar space is

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freely available and they'll pull that

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out at no loss of science to hst